about china

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International Relations of china

2010-06-05T05:55:00.000-07:00

China consistently upholds the banner of peace, development and cooperation, pursues, as always, an independent foreign policy of peace, and persists with the development of friendly relations with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence––mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence.

It is the fundamental mission and basic goal of China’s diplomacy at present as well as in the years to come to safeguard the important period of strategic opportunities for China’s development, to strive for a peaceful and stable international environment, an environment of neighborliness, an equal and mutually beneficial climate for cooperation and objective and positive recognition from the international community, and to facilitate the program of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

China will continue to promote world multi-polarization, democracy in international relations and diversification of the modes of development. It will steer the global economy toward the direction that is conducive to the common prosperity of all nations. Dedicated to multilateralism and a new security concept, it rejects hegemony, power politics and terrorism of all forms, thereby stepping up the establishment of a just, reasonable international order. China is set to deepen its mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries and safeguard their shared interests. Adhering to the principle of treating neighbors as friends and partners, it will strengthen friendly and cooperative ties with neighboring countries to deepen regional cooperation. It will further boost its relations with developed countries in the spirit of seeking broader common ground and resolving disputes in a proper manner. China will take an active part in multilateral international diplomatic activities, maintain and strengthen the authoritative and leading role of the United Nations (UN) and its Security Council and make constructive efforts in regional organizations. It is also poised to beef up across-the-board economic linkages and cultural exchanges with other countries, while readily protecting the lives and legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese citizens.

The Chinese Government and people are willing to commit unremitting efforts to the common cause of sustaining and promoting peace, development and progress together with all the other nations in the international community.

China and the UN

China is an original member of the UN and is one of the five permanent members of the Security Council. China acknowledges the irreplaceable role of the UN in international affairs. China supports UN’ initiatives in solving sensitive and complex issues within the UN framework in various areas such as arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.

China has been active in international affairs. China has been fulfilling its financial obligations to the UN completely, timely, and unconditionally. At the end of 2006, China contributed 2.053 percent to the UN budget, up from the 0.995 percent in 2000. China is the ninth largest donor among all member countries and the largest donor among developing countries.

China has up-scaled its participation in peacekeeping operations of the UN. China’s peacekeeping task force ranks the 12th among all member countries, and the first among the five permanent members of the Security Council. In September 1988, China submitted an officially application to join the Special Committee on Peace Keeping Operations. In April 1990, China sent five military observers to the UN Truce Supervision Organization, one of the oldest subsidiary organizations of the UN, which was the first time that Chinese military personnel participated in the peacekeeping operations of the UN. By the end of 2006, 6000 Chinese military personnel, policemen and civilian officials had participated in 16 UN peacekeeping operations in conflict ridden regions in Liberia, Afghanistan, Kosovo, Haiti and Sudan. On July 26, 2006, Du Zhaoyu, a UN military observer from China, lost his life in the Israelis’ bombing of a UN peacekeeping station in Lebanon. Peacekeepers from China are highly commended by UN organizations and the government and people of the hosting countries, for being disciplined, valiant and dedicated.

Relations with Major Powers

China has maintained mutually beneficial relations in various fields and at different levels with major countries in the world. The healthy relations between China and these countries have continued their growth.

China-U.S. Relations

As the Sino-U.S. relations continue to grow, China and the United States find more and more common stakes in international affairs. The two countries have coordinated positions and cooperated in such fields as the Korean nuclear issues, Iranian nuclear issues, antiterrorism and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. The two countries have also reached consensus on maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Straight. China is the largest developing country, while the United States is the largest developed countries in the world. Peace between the two countries will bless both parties whereas collision will wreak both. Hence, China and the United States must deepen communication and understanding, and enhance consensus and confidence. Friendly relations between the two countries will not only benefit the two people but also promote world peace.

China-EU Relations

Since forging comprehensive strategic partnership in 2003, China and European Union (EU) have been on good terms, which is reflected in deeper trust and more frequent exchange of high-level visits. China-EU relation has becoming more and more mature and pragmatic. With a closer partnership, responsibilities on both sides increase.

Trade between China and the EU saw rapid expansion. The EU is by far the largest trading partner of China, and China is the second largest trading partner of the EU. The EU’s investment in China continues to grow. Notable progress in all ranges of the bilateral ties was made. The comprehensive partnership between China and the EU is on a solid track.

China-Russia Relations

China and Russia make full tap on the cooperation mechanisms between the two governments, actively implementing the important consensus reached between the leaders of the two countries, continuously expanding the mutual collaboration in all fields and achieving notable achievements. The relations between China and Russia maintain good momentum.

China and Russia have worked more closely together in international affairs. The two countries have worked together in pushing for a feasible solution to the nuclear issues in North Korea and Iran.

The business ties between the two countries are increasingly tight. Their trade and economic cooperation shows sound and rapid development.

Enjoying high-level political mutual trust and mutual benefit, strategic coordination and common political wills, China and Russia share the desire and determination of the two peoples to become “good neighbors, close partners and friends.”

Beijing will unswervingly abide by the Treaty of Good Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation between China and Russia, and together with Moscow, continue to promote the strategic cooperative partnership.

China-Japan Relations

China and Japan are two neighboring countries divided only by a narrow strip of water. Since their normalization of diplomatic relations in 1972, the bilateral ties have made substantial headway. However, the two countries also face a series of issues of how to increase mutual trust and seek common strategic interests.

Both sides must bear the historical lessons in their minds and cherish the hard-won peace fruits when dealing with Sino-Japanese relations.

Taking history as a mirror and facing forward to the future, China and Japan should bide by the principle and spirit of the China-Japan Joint Statement, the China-Japan Treaty of Peace and Friendship and the China-Japan Joint Declaration, expand the common interest of both and pay attention to and each other’s concerns, especially those with regard to historical issues and the Taiwan question. Leaders of China and Japan should view and handle bilateral relations from strategic height and long-term perspective, grasp historical opportunities and further promote long-term and stable friendly and cooperative relations.

Relations with African Countries

Relations between China and African countries have been long-lasting and bestowed with a solid foundation. Suffering from similar historical experiences, the two sides have built up profound friendship through mutual support toward each other in their fights for national liberation.

The founding of the New China in 1949 and the independence of African countries have opened a new chapter of China-Africa relations. Through the past half-century, bilateral political relations have been close, high-level visits frequent, trade and economic ties fortified, cooperation in other fields substantial, and negotiation and coordination in international affairs strengthened. China has provided assistance in its power to African countries, which has extended strong supports to China.

Sincerity, friendship, equality, mutual benefit, reciprocity and common prosperity are the principle of exchanges and cooperation between China and Africa, as well as the impetus that drive the development of the bilateral ties.

Relations with Neighboring Countries and Multilateral Diplomacy

China affirms the balance and sustainable development of the global economy and society. The international community should work together to gradually address the prominent problems including widening gap between the rich and the poor, as well as worsening ecological environment.

Military Diplomacy

As supplement to traditional diplomacy, military exchanges between countries are barometers of diplomatic relations. China’s military diplomacy in 2006 was fruitful.

In 2006, China exchanged military personnel with over 300 countries, played host to over 40 defense ministers or chiefs of staff from other countries, participated in more than 40 bilateral or multilateral consultation or talks and provided humanitarian aid to Lebanon, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Exchanges of high-level military visits facilitate trust and understanding, and promote consensus and cooperation. As a result, military relations between China and Russia have deepened, and that between China and the United States are growing steadily. All round and multilevel military exchanges and cooperation are underway between China and other foreign countries.

Joint military exercises, defense and security consultations and dialogues between China and other countries have boosted China’s clout abroad. In September and November 2006, naval forces from China and the United States conducted two phases of joint maritime rescue exercises; with each phase on the territory waters China and the United States respectively. The joint exercise is a new starting point in the military cooperation between the two countries. In September, China and Tajikistan held a joint antiterrorism exercise with the code name of "cooperation-2006." The two sides explored commanding and combating strategies in anti-terrorism, rehearsed coordination between the two forces, and built the platform to further anti-terrorism cooperation. The exercise was also a pilot for the joint military exercises among SCO member countries to be held in 2007. In November, China and Pakistan launched an antiterrorism exercise in Pakistan with the code name “Friendship 2006”. The exercise has strengthened friendly relations between the two countries and two military forces, and has promoted cooperation between the two countries in security affairs, in particular antiterrorism.

China has always valued the development of friendly relations with neighboring countries and the maintenance of stability in its neighborhood. In 2006, military delegations from China visited more than 20 countries in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and Central Asia. In the meanwhile, 30 short high-level military delegations from neighboring countries visited China. In addition, China exchanged military personnel with countries in West Asia, Africa, Southern Pacific and Latin America. The forms of military contacts were also diversified.

festivals of china

2010-06-05T05:52:00.000-07:00

Event: Chinese New Year
Date: The first day of a year in lunar calendar, usually between late Jan and early Feb

Activities: fireworks display, visiting and greeting, Yangke dancing, lion and dragon dancing, holding temple fairs and many other great folklore-inspection events.

Of all the traditional Chinese festivals, the new Year was perhaps the most elaborate, colorful, and important. This was a time for the Chinese to congratulate each other and themselves on having passed through another year, a time to finish out the old, and to welcome in the new year. Common expressions heard at this time are: GUONIAN to have made it through the old year, and BAINIAN to congratulate the new year.

Event: Lantern Festival
Date: 15th of the first lunar month

Activities: Lanterns expositions, garden parties, firework displays and folk dances.

The New Year celebrations ended on the 15th of the First Moon with the Lantern Festival. In the legend, the Jade Emperor in Heaven was so angered at a town for killing his favorite goose, that he decided to destroy it with a storm of fire. However, a good-hearted fairy heard of this act of vengeance, and warned the people of the town to light lanterns throughout the town on the appointed day. The townsfolk did as they were told, and from the Heavens, it looked as if the village was ablaze. Satisfied that his goose had already been avenged, the Jade Emperor decided not to destroy the town. From that day on, people celebrated the anniversary of their deliverance by carried lanterns of different shapes and colors through the streets on the first full moon of the year, providing a spectacular backdrop for lion dances, dragon dances, and fireworks.

Event: Dragon Boat Festival

Date: Date: 5th day of the 5th lunar month

Activities: Dragon Boat races and eating Zong Zi (pyramid shaped rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves

Originally a religious practice, it is now purely recreational. The Dragon Boat festival celebrates the death of the poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself in the 3rd Century BC as a protest against a corrupt government. The legends are that the towns people attempted to rescue him by beating drums to scare fish away from eating his body and threw rice dumplings into the river to tempt the fish away from their hero.

vent: Mid-Autumn Festival
Date: 15th of the 8th lunar month

Activities: Dragon Boat racing, enjoying moonlight and eating moon cakes.

Probably the second most important festival in the Chinese calendar, Zhong qiu has ancient origins. Occurring on the 15th day of the 17th lunar month (usually some time around the end of September/start of October) the Mid-autumn festival celebrates the moon. Traditionally a time for poets and lovers, in Chinese symbolism the moon symbolizes unity and wholeness and is a time for reunion of families. Abundant meals are eaten during the festival and moon cakes, round pastries filled with nuts, dried fruits, preserved flowers, sesame and/or marinated beef or bacon are eaten.

Event: Qingming
Date: 12th of the 3rd lunar month, usually around April 4th or 5th.

Activities: Cleaning ancestors' graves and holding memorial ceremonies, spring outing, and flying kites

This is a time when ice and snow has gone and plants are beginning to grow again, and is a time for respect to ancestors. The graves of deceased relatives are swept and tended, the memory of the dead cherished and offering of food may be made. To assist ancestors in the afterlife 'Bank of Hell' money is burned, thereby transferring money to the ancestors to spend as they will. Qing Ming is often marked by an indulgence of the Chinese passion for kite flying.

　

　

government of china

2010-06-05T05:49:00.000-07:00

The 73.1 million member CCP, authoritarian in structure and ideology, continues to dominate government. Nevertheless, China's population, geographical vastness, and social diversity frustrate attempts to rule by fiat from Beijing. Central leaders must increasingly build consensus for new policies among party members, local and regional leaders, influential non-party members, and the population at large.

In periods of greater openness, the influence of people and organizations outside the formal party structure has tended to increase, particularly in the economic realm. This phenomenon is most apparent today in the rapidly developing coastal region. Nevertheless, in all important government, economic, and cultural institutions in China, party committees work to see that party and state policy guidance is followed and that non-party members do not create autonomous organizations that could challenge party rule. Party control is tightest in government offices and in urban economic, industrial, and cultural settings; it is considerably looser in the rural areas, where the majority of the people live.

Theoretically, the party's highest body is the Party Congress, which traditionally meets at least once every 5 years. The 17th Party Congress took place in fall 2007. The primary organs of power in the Communist Party include:

The Politburo Standing Committee, which currently consists of nine members;
The Politburo, consisting of 25 full members, including the members of the Politburo Standing Committee;
The Secretariat, the principal administrative mechanism of the CCP, headed by Politburo Standing Committee member and executive secretary Xi Jinping;
The Central Military Commission;
The Discipline Inspection Commission, which is charged with rooting out corruption and malfeasance among party cadres.
State Structure
The Chinese Government has always been subordinate to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP); its role is to implement party policies. The primary organs of state power are the National People's Congress (NPC), the President (the head of state), and the State Council. Members of the State Council include Premier Wen Jiabao (the head of government), a variable number of vice premiers (now four), five state councilors (protocol equivalents of vice premiers but with narrower portfolios), and 25 ministers, the central bank governor, and the auditor-general.

Under the Chinese constitution, the NPC is the highest organ of state power in China. It meets annually for about two weeks to review and approve major new policy directions, laws, the budget, and major personnel changes. These initiatives are presented to the NPC for consideration by the State Council after previous endorsement by the Communist Party's Central Committee. Although the NPC generally approves State Council policy and personnel recommendations, various NPC committees hold active debate in closed sessions, and changes may be made to accommodate alternate views.

When the NPC is not in session, its permanent organ, the Standing Committee, exercises state power

POLITICAL CONDITIONS

Legal System
The government's efforts to promote rule of law are significant and ongoing. After the Cultural Revolution, China's leaders aimed to develop a legal system to restrain abuses of official authority and revolutionary excesses. In 1982, the National People's Congress adopted a new state constitution that emphasized the rule of law under which even party leaders are theoretically held accountable.

Since 1979, when the drive to establish a functioning legal system began, more than 300 laws and regulations, most of them in the economic area, have been promulgated. The use of mediation committees--informed groups of citizens who resolve about 90% of China's civil disputes and some minor criminal cases at no cost to the parties--is one innovative device. There are more than 800,000 such committees in both rural and urban areas.

Legal reform became a government priority in the 1990s. Legislation designed to modernize and professionalize the nation's lawyers, judges, and prisons was enacted. The 1994 Administrative Procedure Law allows citizens to sue officials for abuse of authority or malfeasance. In addition, the criminal law and the criminal procedures laws were amended to introduce significant reforms. The criminal law amendments abolished the crime of "counter-revolutionary" activity, although many persons are still incarcerated for that crime. Criminal procedures reforms also encouraged establishment of a more transparent, adversarial trial process. The Chinese constitution and laws provide for fundamental human rights, including due process, but these are often ignored in practice. In addition to other judicial reforms, the Constitution was amended in 2004 to include the protection of individual human rights and legally-obtained private property, but it is unclear how those provisions will be implemented. Although new criminal and civil laws have provided additional safeguards to citizens, previously debated political reforms, including expanding elections to the township level, and other legal reforms, including the reform of the reeducation through labor system, have been put on hold.

Human Rights
The China country reports in the State Department's 2008 Human Rights Practices and International Religious Freedom Reports noted China's well-documented and continuing abuses of human rights in violation of internationally recognized norms, stemming both from the authorities' intolerance of dissent and the inadequacy of legal safeguards for basic freedoms. Reported abuses have included arbitrary and lengthy incommunicado detention, forced confessions, torture, and mistreatment of prisoners as well as severe restrictions on freedom of speech, the press, assembly, association, religion, privacy, worker rights, and coercive birth limitation. China continues the monitoring, harassment, intimidation, and arrest of journalists, Internet writers, defense lawyers, religious activists, and political dissidents. The activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), especially those relating to the rule of law and expansion of judicial review, continue to be restricted. The Chinese Government recognizes five official religions--Buddhism, Islam, Taoism, Catholicism, and Protestantism--and seeks to regulate religious groups and worship. Religious believers who seek to practice their faith outside of state-controlled religious venues and unregistered religious groups and spiritual movements are subject to intimidation, harassment, and detention. In 2009, the Secretary of State again designated China as a "Country of Particular Concern" under the International Religious Freedom Act for particularly severe violations of religious freedom.

At the same time, China's economic growth and reform since 1978 has dramatically improved the lives of hundreds of millions of Chinese, increased social mobility, and expanded the scope of personal freedom. This has meant substantially greater freedom of travel, employment opportunity, educational and cultural pursuits, job and housing choices, and access to information. In recent years, China has also passed new criminal and civil laws that provide additional safeguards to citizens. Village elections, though often procedurally flawed, have been carried out in over 90% of China's approximately one million villages.

We have conducted 12 rounds of human rights dialogue with China since Tiananmen. During 2003 and 2004, no progress was made on the commitments China made at the 2002 dialogue, and we declined to schedule another round at that time. In July 2009, the United States and China affirmed our commitment to cooperate and enhance human rights issues through our human rights dialogue and other initiatives on the basis of equality and mutual respect. Both sides agreed to hold the next human rights dialogue before the year ends.

Two significant and sensitive anniversaries were commemorated in 2009: March 10 marked the 50th anniversary of the 1959 Tibetan uprising, and June 4 marked the 20th anniversary of the crackdown on pro-democracy protests at Tiananmen Square in Beijing. On March 10, 2008, protests in Lhasa marking the 49th anniversary turned violent, and led to protests and unrest throughout Tibet and the majority-Tibetan areas in surrounding provinces. Several people have been tried and executed for their involvement in the riots, in which 19 people died, according to official news sources. Various other groups claim a much higher death toll.

On July 5, 2009, ethnic violence erupted in Urumqi in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. The unrest continued in the following days, with Chinese state media reporting over 150 deaths and more than 1,000 injured. There was a significantly increased security presence in Urumqi and its surrounding areas and subsequently some mosques in Xinjiang were closed.

Principal Government and Party Officials
President--Hu Jintao
Vice President--Xi Jinping
Premier, State Council--Wen Jiabao
State Councilors--Liu Yandong, Liang Guanglie, Ma Kai, Meng Jianzhu, Dai Bingguo
Secretary General--Hua Jianmin
NPC Chair--Wu Bangguo
Vice Premiers--Li Keqiang, Hui Liangyu, Zhang Dejiang, Wang Qishan
Politburo Standing Committee--Hu Jintao (General Secretary), Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang, Zhou Yongkang
Other Politburo Members--Bo Xilai, Guo Boxiong, Hui Liangyu, Li Yuanchao, Liu Qi, Liu Yandong, Liu Yunshan, Wang Gang, Wang Lequan, Wang Qishan, Wang Zhaoguo, Xu Caihou, Yu Zhengsheng, Zhang Dejiang, Zhang Gaoli
Chairman, Central Military Commission--Hu Jintao

Ambassador to U.S.--Zhou Wenzhong
Ambassador to UN--Wang Guangya

Type: Communist party-led state.
Constitution: December 4, 1982.
Independence: Unification under the Qin (Ch'in) Dynasty 221 BC; Qing (Ch'ing or Manchu) Dynasty replaced by a republic on February 12, 1912; People's Republic established October 1, 1949.
Branches: Executive--president, vice president, State Council, premier. Legislative--unicameral National People's Congress. Judicial--Supreme People's Court.
Administrative divisions: 23 provinces (the P.R.C. considers Taiwan to be its 23rd province); 5 autonomous regions, including Tibet; 4 municipalities directly under the State Council.
Political parties: Chinese Communist Party, 70.8 million members; 8 minor parties under Communist Party supervision.
Suffrage: Universal at 18.

culture of china

2010-06-05T05:44:00.000-07:00

The dictionary defines culture as the arts, beliefs, customs, institutions and all other product of human work and thought created by a people or group. Chinese culture is rich in all of these, and it dates back thousands of years.

Dress and Apparel:

Long gone are the days of traditional Chinese dress. This is reserved largely for celebrations, tourists and other special events. While bringing some Chinese guests on a tour of American schools, we could only chuckle when one child asked what people wore in China. One of the visitors dressed in casual attire told the class they were looking at the type of clothes worn every day. He also went on to say that jeans were as common as anywhere else in the world.

In the typical wedding in China, the bride will wear a white bridal gown the same as is worn in weddings in the western world.

Business attire is similar to that worn anywhere in the industrialized world for a given trade. Business suits for marketing sales and banking, while dockers and shirts without ties are appropriate for factory professionals all the way to the factory manager. Laborers, however, will usually wear a uniform.

Color preference: You will notice a difference in colors. The Chinese have a preferences for browns, beige(or tan) and yellows. Black is a very popular color, especially in women's dress and apparel. Bright red is also a popular color for special events, holidays and ceremonial events. Grays are also common. School children's uniforms are brightly colored with white, blue and greens being common.

A tourist may find few people wear shorts, especially the men.

The ruggedness and dust in many parts of the country should encourage you to select more casual and durable wear. Because of this reason, you may opt to bring some of the older clothing in your wardrobe.

Face:

When I think of cultural differences, the most important thing that comes to mind is the Chinese concept of "Face".

In the PRC, face has to do with the image or credibility of the person you are dealing with. You should never, insult, embarrass, shame, yell at or otherwise demean a person. If you do, they will lose "Face". In ancient times, a Chinese warrior chief, after losing a battle, may commit suicide because he has lost face. While this may no longer occur, the concept of "face" remains alive and well in China. Awareness of face and it's impact is an extremely important cultural issue.

In the business world, negotiations should be conducted to assure that the person at the other end of the table maintains face even if the deal should not successfully conclude. His "face" may be dependent upon his ability to conclude the deal. If not, he saves "face" if he is the one to bring the negotiations to closure in a manner that he will look best to his superiors, yet not impact you.

Face shows up in many ways and really begins early in life. Chinese children learn it as they are growing up. Parents will not discipline by saying "bad girl" or "Naughty boy". They will discipline with "No" or "wrong".

As the child grows, face creates a strong pressure for an individual to excel. Failure to gain admittance to college, or even enter the better colleges, results in a higher rate of suicide as the child has lost face and sometimes cannot cope with the perceived shame.

Face has a significant business impact. For example, it may be difficult to solicit ideas or obtain survey results. This author has tried a few surveys, both written and verbal. You can always get positive responses, but obtaining critique where subject matter or content needs improvement produces blank pieces of paper and blank stares. For example, if you are teaching a course and the material did not answer a questions, the survey respondents will not tell you what you need to know. While you are looking for an improvement opportunity, they are afraid you would lose face.

Because this is such an important issue, you need to train yourself to recognize where this can become an issue, and to avoid having your contact lose face.

The Changing Face of the Planet:
The growth and spread of international companies is changing the face of the planet. As exhibited by the two major food chains(pictured above) found side by side in downtown Shanghai. As we move into the future, we will see more commonality in food, clothing, architecture, and a wide range of cultural aspects. Even in music, while the words may speak the local language, the background music and instrumentation is becoming less culturally distinct.

Family Life:
The traditional vision of family life in China is one of a strong family unit led be the father and husband, who largely has absolute rule and control of the family. Religion plays a major part in defining the roles and responsibilities of family members. Confucianism taught social order and behavior. This control also extended to selection of marriage partners, which was often arranged for the children.

Much has changed today in the family make-up. The father still remains the strong family leader and decision maker. At a minimum, he influences the major decisions of the children. But, normally he no longer exerts absolute control. The father no longer arranges the marriage, although this still exists in some of the most traditional families and in less developed areas. Children select their career fields, again strongly influenced by the father.

Dating does not usually begin until the early twenties. Typically, young adults will date just a few people, perhaps only one, before choosing a partner. The average age for marriage is 25 to 30 year old. The bride will usually wear a long white wedding gown . The bride will not change her name. As in any country, there are strong traditions around the entire process, from selecting partners to proposing to planning the wedding to the wedding itself. Chinese Wedding Customs is an outstanding guide to the process from start to finish.

Children typically live with the parents until marriage. After a brief honeymoon, the newlyweds will move into an apartment. But, it is not uncommon for newly married couples to remain in one of the parents' homes for a short period after the marriage. The newly married couple then move into a small apartment with one or two bedrooms, a bath and cooking/living room.

The couple are allowed by Chinese law one child. There are exceptions to the one child rule, the most common being minority groups, and in areas where there is labor shortage(rural areas and farms).

Housing:

Migration to other cities in China is almost non-existent. Most couples will set up their home in the same neighborhood as their parents. The average housing consists of an apartment with one or two bedrooms. In larger cities, especially where more affluence exists, there will be a bathroom in the apartment. The apartment will also contain a cooking area and living area combined, relatively small in size. According to the Chinese Embassy, the average rural living space has increased from 8.1 square meters in 1978 to 20.5 square meters today.

Apartment prices in major cities, will range from 200 hundred thousand to five hundred thousand RMB($25,000 - $60,00 USD). The lower rate being a unit outside the city and the higher amounts in the center of the city.

As for appliances, here is a general look at what the average home has. In general, appliances are sparse. Clothes dryers for example are almost non-existent. You will find clothes hung out windows of apartments anywhere you go. (Note conditions may vary significantly in different parts of the country when comparing city to city or rural to rural conditions):

Other Cultural Differences:
There are many, many other cultural differences between China and the West. Of course, differences may not be a significant when comparing China to other countries in Asia.

Here are some interesting cultural differences:

Not being a Christian country, the Chinese do not recognize the term "Bless you" or "God Bless you" when you sneeze. In China, when someone sneezes, you simply ignore it.

Say "Thank you" by tapping four fingers down on the table.

Always refill other's cups with tea or drink without being asked.

history of china

2010-06-05T05:41:00.000-07:00

Much of what came to constitute China Proper was unified for the first time in 221 B.C. In that year the western frontier state of Qin, the most aggressive of the Warring States, subjugated the last of its rival states. (Qin in Wade-Giles romanization is Ch'in, from which the English China probably derived.) Once the king of Qin consolidated his power, he took the title Shi Huangdi ( First Emperor), a formulation previously reserved for deities and the mythological sage-emperors, and imposed Qin's centralized, nonhereditary bureaucratic system on his new empire. In subjugating the six other major states of Eastern Zhou, the Qin kings had relied heavily on Legalist scholar-advisers. Centralization, achieved by ruthless methods, was focused on standardizing legal codes and bureaucratic procedures, the forms of writing and coinage, and the pattern of thought and scholarship. To silence criticism of imperial rule, the kings banished or put to death many dissenting Confucian scholars and confiscated and burned their books (). Qin aggrandizement was aided by frequent military expeditions pushing forward the frontiers in the north and south. To fend off barbarian intrusion, the fortification walls built by the various warring states were connected to make a 5,000-kilometer-long great wall (). What is commonly referred to as the Great Wall is actually four great walls rebuilt or extended during the Western Han, Sui, Jin, and Ming periods, rather than a single, continuous wall. At its extremities, the Great Wall reaches from northeastern Heilongjiang () Province to northwestern Gansu (). A number of public works projects were also undertaken to consolidate and strengthen imperial rule. These activities required enormous levies of manpower and resources, not to mention repressive measures. Revolts broke out as soon as the first Qin emperor died in 210 B.C. His dynasty was extinguished less than twenty years after its triumph. The imperial system initiated during the Qin dynasty, however, set a pattern that was developed over the next two millennia.

how to business in china

2010-06-04T21:16:00.000-07:00

It is not surprising at all when many foreign investors complained when they do business in China. Many wondered why their years of experience in the business world could not be applied in China immediately. Doing business is about building mutual trust and benefit amidst establishing relationship with people. If you do not understand your counterpart well, it will be quite difficult to establish good cooperation with him/her. An old Chinese saying goes: know yourself and your enemy well and you can fight a hundred battles without any fear of defeat. This greatly emphasized the importance of knowing and understanding your counterpart.
Modern economic model differ greatly from the traditional one, whereby people in the past ‘fight’ till the last man standing. Today, people seek to achieve a “win-win” situation, and pursue long-term trade cooperation under a fair and healthy competition environment. Understanding factors such as China’s history, humanity and culture will be the key to investors’ success in China. As Western thinking and China’s traditional values do differ, encountering the culture differences is therefore inevitable, thus a better understanding of the cultural differences is necessary when doing business in China:
1. Learn how to handle Guangxi (relationship)
In China, Guangxi (relationship) is a complicated field. Establishing relationship with others does not mainly deal with achieving own self-interests or personal goals. A special feature of doing business in China will be that Guangxi (relationship) in China will have to include relationship with the government body, investors, partners and even relationship with your own staff. China government plays a large role in administrating the investment in China. This is because China is a socialist state; the economy is still largely controlled and managed by the government, so when doing business in China, it is important for foreign investors to learn to coordinate with the China government. At the same time, seeking a suitable local partner may be a shortcut and helping hand in developing your business in China market.
2. How to prevail over competition
China, at the moment, can be said to be a big, open market, and the ability to prevail over competition is a very important issue today. Investors should fully realize and maximize one's advantages. Some investors are afraid that the China’s imitation products will hurt the sale of their products. Even though this symptom is worrying, however in a free and competitive market, it will always be one that has the superior quality that will not be afraid of competition and will prevail eventually. China market is constantly undergoing standardization, and the China government has vowed to protect the quality of the market.
The Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation had previously stated in his speech that being a member of the World Trade Organization, China government will continuously rectify and standardize the economic structure of the market, and will persistently crack down illegal acts of producing counterfeit products. Technology level in China is still relatively lagging behind, thus foreign investors should fully make use of their advantages in technology and expertise to produce high-quality products and services. One should not be over worried about the negative impact brought about by new counterfeited products. Continuous development of one’s technology and emphasizing on innovation will be the key to success.
3. Route for Investment
There are three options to take when make investments in China, mainly: wholly foreign-owned enterprise, Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprise and Sino-foreign joint venture. Which option to take will have to depend on factors such as the investors' investment direction, investment environment, and the amount of investment to be undertaken. Generally speaking, wholly foreign-owned enterprise require examination and approval from many government bodies and this process can be quite hassle and time-consuming. Government procedures for establishing Chinese-foreign joint venture and contractual joint ventures will be even more and the process will require even more from more government bodies. Thus Sino-foreign joint venture appears to be the ideal investment option as less governmental procedures and authorization time will be required. Possibility of encountering hiccups will be smaller.
About the Author:
Joseph Lee is a consultant of Starmass International. Starmass is one-stop consulting service provider to assist foreign companies to achieve China market entry from China market research, China market analysis till establishment of sales channels.

economy of china

2010-06-04T21:15:00.001-07:00

By October 1, 1999, the PRC had undergone a glorious yet tortuous course of 50 years, amid great changes in Chinese society.
Before the founding of New China in 1949, China's highest yearly outputs of major industrial and agricultural products were 445,000 tons of yarn, 22.79 billion meters of cloth, 61,880,000 tons of coal, 320,000 tons of crude oil, 6 billion kwh of electric energy production, 150 million tons of grain, and 849,000 tons of cotton.
Since the founding of New China, especially in the 20 years after the start of reform and opening to the outside world in 1978 China has made great achievements in economic construction and social development.
In 1998, the GDP was 7,955.3 billion yuan, an increase of 6.4 times over 1978, at constant prices; the outputs of some major industrial and agricultural products, such as grain, cotton, meat, edible oil, coal, steel, cement, cloth and TV sets, leapt from a backward position to first place in the world.

tourisum area of china

2010-06-04T21:11:00.000-07:00

Hangzhou
Hangzhou is famous historical and cultural city in China, reputed as one of the 7 major ancient capitals in the Chinese history. Hangzhou has a long history and it has been found that fifty thousand years ago the "Jiande people", one of the ancient homo sapiens, lived in this area. In the late Neolithic Period more than five thousand years ago, ancestors of Hangzhou people inhabited the area around the Liangzhu, the northern suburb of the city, and were engaged in primitive agriculture, livestock raising, fishing and hunting. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, the area was occupied as the territory of Wu, Yue and Chu successively. When Emperor Qin Shihuang defeated all the princes and unified China, this area was established as Qiantang County. The name was changed to Hangzhou during the reign of Emperor Sui Kaihuang and lasted to this day. Established as capital in the periods of the Five Dynasties and the Southern Song Dynasty, and lasting for more than 200 years, Hangzhou saw its height of power and splendor in its history, and was called the "first city in the Southeast China". During the period of Yuan Dynasty, Hangzhou was established as a town of strategic importance, with flourishing economy and beautiful scenery, being, in the words of the Italian traveler Marco Polo, the "most beautiful and luxurious city in the world". In the period of Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hangzhou was still leading the way in economic, social and cultural development in China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou became the capital of Zhejiang Province, functioning as the political, economic and cultural center, as well as a transportation hub in the province. With the renowned sight-seeing spot, West Lake, being trimmed and harnessed on an unprecedented scale, Hangzhou has become a famous city for
scenery tourism in the world.

Guilin
Guilin was first established by Emperor Qinshihuang (214 BC) as the Guilin Shire. It was located on the Guixiang "Corridor" which was an important passage connecting Zhongyuan and Lingnan. During the Three-Kingdom period, the Wu Kingdom built up Shi'an Shire here, and from then on Guilin has come to be a political and transition center. Till Tang Dynasty, Guilin had become a relatively big city with great halls and walls. In Song Dynasty Guilin was the capital of Guangnanxilu, which governed Guangxi and Hainan Island. In Ming Dynasty, Guilin was also the seat of Jingjiang Prince Mansion and Guangxi Three Departments. Emperor Yongli had been here twice. Our revolutionary pioneer Sun Yat-san had his residence set up here and directed the northward expedition. In 1940 Guilin was reset as a city and the capital of Guangxi Province. So Guilin has been the political, economic and cultural center in northeast Gui Region ever since its founding.

Ningbo
Ningbo, a famous foreign trade port, has a very long history. 7,000 years ago the people of Ningbo had made the glorious "Hemudu Culture" in this land and begun to develop towards the sea. Ningbo was a part of the Yue State during the Spring & Autumn Period, whereas a part of Huiji Shire during the Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty 2,000 years ago, which consisted of four counties including Yin, Mao, Juzhang and Yuyao. The trading, shipbuilding and ocean shipping were rather flourishing at that time in Ningbo. In the early stage of the Ming Dynasty, Ningbo was granted as the Mingzhou Prefecture, but in 1381, the 14th year of Emperor Hongwu's reign, it was changed into Ningbo Prefecture, which is still in use today. Ning in Chinese means peace and Bo refer to the wave; thus, Ningbo actually implies when the ocean is calm, and the wave is gentle. During the Tang Dynasty, Ningbo was the center that manufactured the Tang ships and celadon china of the Yue Kiln and did business very frequently with foreign countries. It was granted altogether with Guangzhou, Yangzhou and Quanzhou the title the Four Largest Foreign Trade Ports of China, which composed the "Silk and China Road on the Sea" at that time. In 1840s, according to the "Five Ports Trade Treaty" which was signed with the western imperialist powers, Ningbo was forced to build a trading port, which was put into use in 1844.

Xiamen
It is said that in the ancient time, flocks of egrets (Bailu in Chinese) migrated to dwell on Xiamen Island from time to time and that is why people call Xiamen "Ludao" (Island of Egrets) and Xiagu Strait "Lujiang" (River of Egrets). The first settlement of people on Xiamen Island dates back to the latter part of the New Stone Age. That was three to four thousand years ago. And the recorded history dates back to the middle period of the Tang Dynasty, which was more than 1140 years ago. During the Tianbao Period of the Tang Dynasty, the ethnic Chinese surnamed Xue (薛) and Chen (陈) migrated to Xiamen Island from Fu'an in the east of Fujian Province and Zhangzhou in the south of Fujian Province and settled at the southern and northern foot of the Hongjishan Mountain respectively.The administrative organization of Xiamen City was first set up in the Song Dynasty. It was then affiliated to Tongan County, Quanzhou Prefecture. In the twentieth year during the Hongwu Period in early Ming Dynasty (1387), the imperial government started to build stockade villages and forward posts on the island and named the island "Xiamen", meaning the "Gate of the Motherland". And the geographical name of "Xiamen" became the official name of the island despite that Xiamen was once renamed "Siming Prefecture" and "Siming County" during the several hundred years from then on. In 1933, Xiamen was officially established as a city. That made it the first city set up in Fujian Province.

Dunhuang
Dunhuang has a long history. As early as the New Stone Age there had been buman beings living on this land. Dunhuang County, which was built in the 6th year of Yuanding of Wu Enterer (111 BC), Han Dynasty, owns a history of over 2,000 years. At the beginning of Western Han, the Huns occupied this area. After his succeeding to the throne, Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian, a senior official, as an envoy to the Western Regions for the first time in the 3rd year (138BC) of his reign. Then, in the spring of 121 BC, he sent troops led by Biaoji General Huo Qubing to recapture Dunhuang and set up the Yang Pass and the Yumen Pass. In the 2nd year of Yuanding (115BC), Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian visited the Western Regions as an envoy for the second time and opened up the Silk Road. So Dunhuang enter its thriving stage for the first time and developed stop by step into the northwestern military and political center, Besides, it was also an important place for trade and culture, becoming a large metropolis, which connected the people of Han Nationalities with the tribes in the Western China. From Western Han to Western Liang, Dunhuang suffered from chaos caused by wars, and rose and fell for over 400 years.In 366 AD, Monk Yue Seng opened up the Mogao Grottoes for the first time. And in Northern Wei, they had become very prosperous, then China was unified in Sui Dynasty and as a result the Silk Road was ensured unblocked and the Buddhism in Dunhuang entered a period of great prosperity. A lot of caves, murals and sculptures which were made in Tang Dynasty had reached to a very high artistic level. In the 19 th year of Zhenguan (645 AD), after getting Buddhist scriptures from the Western Regions, Monk Xuan Zang got back to Chang'an via Dunhuang. Dunhuang was occupied by Tubo Dynasty in 781 AD. In 851 AD, Zhang Yi, arich person in Shazhou, convened a lot of people of Han, Hui and Longqiang Nationalities to revolt and then recaptured this land. But in 1036 AD, Li Yuanhao, the leader of Dangxiang Nationality captured Dunhuang. And in the same year, the world-famous "Dunhuang Surviving Works" were sealed up for safekeeping in Mogao Grottoes. In 1036 AD, Dunhuang became a part of Western Xia. And in 1227 AD, the Western Xia was conquered by Mongolian troops. From then on, Dunhuang was under control of them. In Yuan Dynasty, the culture in Dunhuang became unprecedentedly prosperous and the business transaction between this land and Western Regions became more and more frequent.In 1403 AD, the leader of Dunhuang came over and pledged allegiance to Ming Dynasty. And in 1524 AD, it became a part of Tulufan Kingdom. In the 54th year of Kangxi, Qing Dynasty, the royal troops recaptured Dunhuang. And in the first year of his reign, Emperor YongZheng set up Shazhou Section in Dunhuang and promoted it to Shazhou Guard two years later. He also sent a lot of troops and forced people to go there to plough and sow seeds. Besides, he ordered to divert the water of Danghe River to Dunhuang and divide it into 10 ditches to irrigate the farmlands. As a result, Dunhuang became an oasis in the desert. In 1760 AD, the authorities of Qing Dynasty promoted Shazhou to Dunhuang County. On Sept 28th 1949, it was liberated in peace and on Oct. 7th, the People's Government of Dunhuang County was established. On Sept. 28th, 1987, it was changed from a county to a city and was designated by the State Council as one of the first cities open to foreigners. In 1986, it was named the Famous City of China for History and Culture. In 1992, the government of Gansu Province approved it to be Dunhuang Tourist and Economic Development Region.

tourisum of china

2010-06-04T21:04:00.000-07:00

changchun
Changchun is a young city with a long history. There were human activities here as early as 70,000 years ago and the earliest primitive hordes inhabited the area some 7,000 years ago. It was the possession of the "Fuyuguo" kingdom and the Bohaiyuan Kingdom successively. The years under the reign of the Liao (907-1125) and Jin (1115-1234) dynasties are considered the most prosperous periods in the history of Changchun. The Prefecture of "Huanglongfu" was established in the area of Nongan and an ancient pagoda built in the Liao Dynasty still exists. In 18000, the court of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), established in today's Xinlicheng, the Changchun Ting-an administrative division at the sub-provincial level. In the period 1931-1945, Changchun was reduced to the capital of the puppet Manchukuo regime, called "Xinjing" -the new capital.In October 1948, Changchun was liberated and designated as a special city. In 1954, it was made the capital of Jilin Province. In 1955, it became a municipality directly under the central government. In 1979, it was listed as one of the country's 15 central economic cities. In 1989, it was approved as one of the municipalities with independent budgetary status by the State Council. In 1992, it was designated as a key open city. In 1994, it was listed as a city enjoying sub-provincial status. Changchun has a long history and a modernized civilization.

Zhuhai
According to legends and the antiques unearthed, 4,000-5,000 years ago up to the Neolithic Age, there had been inhabitants living and multiplying on the land of Zhuhai. In the year of 757 (the second year of the reign of Zhide in Tang Dynasty), under the jurisdiction of Dongguan, Xiangshan Town was established. In 1152 (the 22 nd year of the reign of Shaoxing in song Dynasty), the four coastal counties: Nanhai, Panyu, Xinhui and Dongguan were incorporated into Xiangshan County. Later in 1953, Wanshan Islands, Sanzao Island and Dong'an Islands of Zhongshan and Bao'an County (present Shenzhen) were put under the administration of Xiangshan County, changing the name into Zhuhai simultaneously. In 1979, the name Zhuhai City was instead of Zhuhai County. In 1980, Zhuhai Special Economic Zone was founded

introduction of china

2010-06-03T20:48:00.000-07:00

China is the 3rd largest country in the world after russia and canada it has more then 1,324,655,000 - 2008 population ,it has total area 9598094 square km. its kingdom is beijing. Encompassing 5 different administrative zones, China has 23 Provinces, 5 Autonomous Regions, 4 Municipalities, 2 Special Administrative Regions (SAR) and 1 Claimed Province.

China is the big business platform of the world its supply more then 75% of product around the world, china makes cheap and best quality as well which is according to customer required according to their market place, and this is the good reason that china make big business in the world, even in our country nepal we use mostly china product,including food and beverage, daily using goods,electronic products, household products etc etc. china supplied many things all over the world. china hold canton fair which is world's one of the largest business fair, its hold only for one month for al of the product which china makes, and from all over the world more then 500000 visiter visit this fair, by only this fair china sells and earn more then 5000000 usd. we can also visit this fair, by getting invitation from the fair and apply visa in near china embessy and go there, the fair is hold twice a year april and october, in guangzhou city, in this month guangzhou's all hotels and resorts are booked for tourist who are coming to visit canton fair. and also guangzhou is the very big market place of business, so many asian are visit china for business and import goods to their country, not only asia but from europ, us, australia, africa buyers are also visit china for business.

we can get many more things in china except business, china has also so many tourisum areas, the great wall is most top attraction of china, beijing, guangzhou,chengdu, shanghai, sanya,guilin, hongkong are china's top turisum area.